ubuntu server 14.04 添加新硬盘教程
1 关机，安装新硬盘, 然后上电开机。
2 检查是否检测到了新硬盘：
~$ ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sdb
看到了新增加的硬盘为 /dev/sdb
3 查看新硬盘的参数：
~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: ST2000DM006-2DM164
Serial Number: W4Z4HPJC
Firmware Revision: CC26
Transport: Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x001f)
Supported: 9 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 9
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 3907029168
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 4096 bytes
Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 1907729 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 2000398 MBytes (2000 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Form Factor: 3.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = ?
Advanced power management level: 254
Recommended acoustic management value: 208, current value: 208
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Advanced Power Management feature set
Power-Up In Standby feature set
* SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
Write-Read-Verify feature set
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
unknown 119[6]
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Phy event counters
* READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
Device-initiated interface power management
* Software settings preservation
unknown 78[7]
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
unknown 206[7]
unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
198min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 198min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000c500a8ebeb68
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000c50
Unique ID : 0a8ebeb68
Checksum: correct
4 进行分区，由于我要用这块2T的希捷硬盘做数据盘，因此我将整块硬盘分成一个主分区，不再细分成扩展分区，逻辑分区。现在的系统都是64位的，因此是可以支持2T的主分区。
~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1ab94f32.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
Command (m for help): m #输入m查看帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p #打印出硬盘信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #选择new一个分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): #回车，默认p 主分区
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 # 输入1，选择第一个主分区
First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048): # 回车，默认起始扇区
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167): #回车，默认结束扇区
Using default value 3907029167
Command (m for help): p #打印一下，查看，没有问题
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
Command (m for help): m #查看帮助，确认要用哪个命令写入。
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): w #输入w，写入并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
5 查看一下所有的硬盘：
~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b8bcb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 454848511 227423232 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 454850558 488396799 16773121 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 454850560 488396799 16773120 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
6 格式化硬盘，现在的Linux的文件格式都是ext4的格式了，记得几年前还有用ext3的格式。
~$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
122101760 inodes, 488378390 blocks
24418919 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
14905 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
7 给新硬盘写个标签。
~$ sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 /ext4-2T-disk-1
8 给一个挂载点：
mkdir /home/yourname/dir
9 编辑 /etc/fstab文件：
gedit /etc/fstab or sudo nano /etc/fstab
在文件的最后一行加入：
LABEL=/ext4-2T-disk-1 /home/yourname/dir ext4 defaults 0 2
10 挂载
~$ sudo mount -a
11 这时候，你会发现挂载的盘，普通用户无法写入，需要授权
~$ sudo chown -R $(whoami) /home/yourname/dir
12 扩展硬盘工作完成了
13 新硬盘上新建svn根目录
在 /home/yourname/dir目录下新建svn目录，编辑 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf 添加如下内容后
<Location /svn2> ### need change here!!!
DAV svn
SVNPath /home/yourname/dir/svn ### need change here!!!
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repository"
AuthUserFile /home/svn_data/passwd
Require valid-user
</Location>
重启apache2服务器
sudo service apache2 restart
14 新硬盘上新建ftp文件共享目录
在 /home/yourname/dir目录下新建share目录，编辑 /etc/samba/smb.conf，添加如下内容
[share_disk1] ### need change here!!!
path = /home/yourname/dir/share ### need change here!!!
available = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes
重启smb服务器
sudo service smbd restart
15 到此增加硬盘并做相关设置就结束了.
参考地址： https://blog.csdn.net/kangdehua/article/details/72637675