linux新增磁盘-LVM分区教程
为已存在的一台虚拟机，增加了一块磁盘。使用LVM进行卷管理。
查看磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000249db
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 152391679 75682816 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 152391680 173363199 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 173363200 209715199 18176000 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 173367296 194338815 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 194340864 198537215 2098176 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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由上面的结果可知，有两块物理磁盘，分别为/dev/sda和/dev/sdb。其中/dev/sdb是新增的磁盘。
新磁盘分区
==========================
对/dev/sdb进行分区，并格式化为LVM所需的格式。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1ed31cb8.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):
Using default value 20971519
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1ed31cb8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
创建卷并挂载
## 新建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
## 新建卷组
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate disk2 /dev/sdb1
Volume group "disk2" successfully created
## 新建逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n lv01 disk2
Logical volume "lv01" created.
## 查看逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/disk2/lv01
LV Name lv01
VG Name disk2
LV UUID vlQhP4-uLjG-WX30-nSTd-WbI3-2B9f-pMNZ7i
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-06-26 06:51:31 -0400
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
## 格式化逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/disk2/lv01
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 524288 blocks
26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
## 创建挂载点目录
mkdir /lv01
## 编辑/etc/fstab，加入新增卷挂载配置。文件最后一行加入如下内容：
/dev/disk2/lv01 /lv01 ext4 defaults 0 0
## 挂载
mount -a
## 查看磁盘挂载信息
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 1.1G 9.0G 11% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 488M 0 488M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 497M 6.6M 490M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 xfs 10G 33M 10G 1% /home
/dev/sda2 ext4 71G 53M 68G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 118M 379M 24% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/disk2-lv01 ext4 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /lv01
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