Ubuntu挂载新的硬盘教程

背景

新买华为云主机，附带100G存储盘，需要挂载用来存储数据,从网上找到一个可用版本，搬到自己博客备用。

操作过程

1、查询硬盘信息

fdisk -lu
root@ecs-d213:/usr/local# fdisk -lu
Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 1AAC48CB-BE7A-495D-8BC2-EAECBD2B9071

Device       Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
/dev/vda1     2048  1050623  1048576  512M EFI System
/dev/vda2  1050624 83884031 82833408 39.5G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

上面的/dev/vdb就是我们的数据盘，100GB

2、初始化分区

fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe70df40c.

依次输入：m、n、p、回车、回车、

Command (m for help): <strong>m</strong>

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


Command (m for help): <strong>n</strong>
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199,default 209715199):

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 100GiB.

3、保存设置

依次输入p、w后如下

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe70df40c

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1        2048 209715199 209713152  100G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4、格式化文件系统

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

mke2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Creating filesystem with 26214144 4k blocks and 6553600 inodes
Filesystem UUID: b7785c1a-d86e-4329-aa45-6ee1c7cdea46
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (131072 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:            <br></br>done

5、挂载分区

经过以上初始化及格式化设置，我们的分区是/dev/vdb1，接下来进行分区挂载

查询分区UUID

ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Aug 21 10:06 3224fdc9-53ff-4610-974f-c0ad3c81d717 -> ../../vda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Aug 24 13:30 b7785c1a-d86e-4329-aa45-6ee1c7cdea46 -> ../../vdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Aug 21 10:06 FD20-359A -> ../../vda1

/dev/vdb1的UUID是 b7785c1a-d86e-4329-aa45-6ee1c7cdea46

编辑分区表

mkdir /data<br></br>vim /etc/fstab
#添加

UUID=b7785c1a-d86e-4329-aa45-6ee1c7cdea46       /data/  ext4    rw      0       1

reboot重启后我们的分区如下：

root@ecs-d213:~# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev             16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.2G  6.9M  3.2G   1% /run
/dev/vda2        39G  3.2G   34G   9% /
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb1        98G   61M   93G   1% /data
/dev/vda1       512M  264K  512M   1% /boot/efi
tmpfs           3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/zhengchaooo/article/details/79500116?biz\_id=102&utm\_term=ubuntu%E6%8C%82%E5%9C%A8%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98&utm\_medium=distribute.pc\_search\_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-0-79500116&spm=1018.2118.3001.4187