Prometheus 学习笔记1 - 安装 Prometheus 和 Linux Exporter教程

Prometheus是一个很强大的监控工具，尤其适合于基于时间流的各种metric的日志，可以用来监控Linux，Windows节点，各种应用程序，比如apache，docker，kubernetes等容器编排工具等等。 他的安装和配置相对来说还是比较直观容易的。下面看一个简单的例子，安装一个Prometheus服务器，并且监控一个Linux的节点服务器性能

安装Prometheus

首先新建一个用户

<pre class="language-c">```
sudo useradd -M -r -s /bin/false prometheus

新建一个目录

<pre class="language-c">```
sudo mkdir /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus

下载二进制文件并解压

<pre class="language-c">```
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.16.0/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz


tar xzf prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/

拷贝二进制文件到对应的目录并修改权限

<pre class="language-c">```
sudo cp prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/{prometheus,promtool} /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/{prometheus,promtool}
sudo cp -r prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/{consoles,console_libraries} /etc/prometheus/
sudo cp prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus

测试一下是否成功

<pre class="language-c">```
prometheus --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

如果成功，我们可以看见 "Server is ready to receive web requests." 按住Ctrl+C 退出。 配置一下systemd的daemon 服务进程，这样可以控制开机自动后台启动

<pre class="language-c">```
sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

输入下面的内容

<pre class="language-c">```
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Time Series Collection and Processing Server
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
    --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
    --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ \
    --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
    --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

保存退出 然后重新加载systemd，启动服务

<pre class="language-c">```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start prometheus
sudo systemctl enable prometheus
sudo systemctl status prometheus

查看是否成功

<pre class="language-c">```
curl localhost:9090

结果应该显示 Found. 浏览器里输入 http://<IP address>:9090 就可以看见我们的web界面了

安装Node Exporter

安装好Prometheus 以后，我们需要在被监控端安装对应的Exporter，这个Exporter会搜集数据并提交给Prometheus。下面看看如何在一个Ubuntu的服务器上安装Exporter 首先登陆到Ubuntu 服务器，创建用户，下载Exporter，解压，并将二进制文件拷到我们的/usr/local/bin目录下，修改权限

<pre class="language-c">```
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo useradd -M -r -s /bin/false node_exporter
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ tar xvfz node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo cp node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo chown node_exporter:node_exporter /usr/local/bin/node_exporter

和Prometheus类似，我也创建一个systemd的服务

<pre class="language-c">```
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service


[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Node Exporter
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=node_exporter
Group=node_exporter
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

保存退出之后，启动服务并且查看内容

<pre class="language-c">```
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ sudo systemctl start node_exporter
[cloud_user@limedrop_web]$ sudo systemctl enable node_exporter
[cloud_user@limedrop]$ curl localhost:9100/metrics

然后登陆我们的Prometheus 服务器，配置prometheus.yml文件

<pre class="language-c">```
[cloud_user@prometheus]$ sudo vi /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

添加下面的job和target

<pre class="language-c">```
...
  - job_name: 'LimeDrop Web Server'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['10.0.1.102:9100']
...

重启prometheus服务

<pre class="language-c">```
[cloud_user@prometheus]$ sudo systemctl restart prometheus

即可在界面进行查询Linux node的metric信息