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Linux磁盘分区及自动挂载教程

发布者:程序员日记

文章目录

一、磁盘分区

1、查看设备

（设备就是磁盘或者USB等）

[root@jydr ~]# lsblk -ip
NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
/dev/sda                      8:0    0   45G  0 disk 
|-/dev/sda1                   8:1    0    1M  0 part 
|-/dev/sda2                   8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
|-/dev/sda3                   8:3    0   39G  0 part 
| |-/dev/mapper/centos-root 253:0    0   37G  0 lvm  /
| `-/dev/mapper/centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
`-/dev/sda4                   8:4    0    1G  0 part /root/mymount
/dev/sr0                     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
/dev/loop0                    7:0    0    1G  0 loop /mnt

可以看到主要设备是/dev/sda

2、磁盘分区类型

[root@jydr ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 48.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt 
Disk Flags: pmbr_boot

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name              Flags
 1      1049kB  2097kB  1049kB                                 bios_grub
 2      2097kB  1076MB  1074MB  xfs
 3      1076MB  42.9GB  41.9GB                                 lvm
 4      42.9GB  44.0GB  1074MB  xfs          Linux filesystem

Partition Table: gpt # 看这里，还有可能是mbr 或者 loop或者不知道类型

gpt时使用gdisk分区 mbr使用fdisk分区，其他类型基本就不是默认的磁盘，直接是一个分区或者外接磁盘

3、给磁盘分区

[root@jydr ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): ? # 输入？可以查看相关指令
b    back up GPT data to a file
c    change a partition's name
d    delete a partition # 删除分区
i    show detailed information on a partition
l    list known partition types
n    add a new partition  # 添加分区
o    create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)
p    print the partition table # 打印已有的分区表信息
q    quit without saving changes # 不保存退出
r    recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s    sort partitions
t    change a partition's type code
v    verify disk
w    write table to disk and exit # 保存退出
x    extra functionality (experts only)
?    print this menu

查看分区信息 按p

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 94371840 sectors, 45.0 GiB # 注意删除数目 94371840
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 44DCEBA0-6073-4F0C-A880-390C5AF8AE86
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 94371806
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 8392637 sectors (4.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048            4095   1024.0 KiB  EF02  
   2            4096         2101247   1024.0 MiB  0700  
   3         2101248        83884031   39.0 GiB    8E00  
   4        83884032        85981183   1024.0 MiB  8300  Linux filesystem

注意在上表的Code一栏

分区操作

Command (? for help): n       
Partition number (5-128, default 5):  
First sector (34-94371806, default = 85981184) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (85981184-94371806, default = 94371806) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1g # 必设定大小，根据自己需要设定
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): w # 保存

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y # 确定
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.

分区后重启一下，lsblk就可以看见新分区了

也可以输入更新指令查看

cat /proc/partitions
partprobe -s
cat /proc/partitions

4、格式化新的分区

查看新建的分区，以及其他分区是什么格式

[root@jydr ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="f33356bb-33f3-4ff1-923e-253a275b81a0" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda3: UUID="83s7NF-qZRT-b2xi-0Bh6-0RSm-3jr1-QpAa7Z" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="b5c31c9d-6eb8-4d2f-bbb1-9912031b156f" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="663c4d89-a1fd-4921-ba90-8f05993be32c" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a570f71a-1aa1-469c-8ecb-f0370ea96ccb" 
/dev/sda4: UUID="ebe2810a-06e4-4df1-94b3-e23f8adf6635" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="87f2bd84-e9ee-4a32-8259-5ab4dff0037d" 
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="1a781a42-1cf3-4a43-82d9-026f9e3701d9" TYPE="swap" 
/srv/loopdev: UUID="727b8115-3045-4e36-be77-f870bc6fd248" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/loop0: UUID="727b8115-3045-4e36-be77-f870bc6fd248" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda1: PARTUUID="71c738bb-ae3b-4b69-a7fc-02fce086db00" 
/dev/sda5: PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="3a2b86c1-722e-4c4b-beab-5f81f2990258"

现在2020年常用的linux格式有ext4和xfs，格式化指令是mkfs.ext4（ubuntu）和mkfs.xfs (CentOS)

[root@jydr ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda5
meta-data=/dev/sda5              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

完成后这个磁盘就可以挂载使用了

5、给已经分区的磁盘区域分区

# 建立一个大小为1*512m 的空文件
dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/newdev bs=1M count=512

# 格式化该文件
mkfs.xfs -f /srv/newdev

# 查看信息
blkid /srv/newdev

# 找到UUID挂载
mount -o loop UUID="6fb87c04-e80a-4979-b359-98490097f83b" /mnt

二、自动挂载

vim /etc/fstab
# 其中添加一行,home目录以后就用挂载的分区了
UUID=ebe2810a-06e4-4df1-94b3-e23f8adf6635 /home xfs defaults 0 0

# 挂载之后要测试一下，不能直接重启系统
mount -a
如果成功就成功，不成功就检测错误。
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